Entries Tagged as 'Politics'

Book Review-What Does China Think, by Mark Leonard

I have to say the introduction of this book scared me.  Mr. Leonard prefaces his writing by admitting that he knew so little about China that he hoped a trip or two could help him “learn the basics” and then allow him to go home.  But maybe the lack of info on China is what made the book readable.  It’s written from a perspective of “this is what I think that leaders are thinking” with no preconceived notions of what’s already by known Sinophiles.

The book is short, and reflects a number of different strains of thought competing for supremacy within the bureaucracy.  Hence the title is misleading as it does not answer it’s own question—what does China think?  It does advance the theories of a couple of prominent scholars in a couple of general issues—but leaves us wondering about a number of things including who’s listening, what do the masses think, are any of these opinions shared (en masse) by groups such as the new rising middle class, and how much of the thoughts presented are purely Chinese in origin and how much is Leonard’s own amalgamation of collected research?

The book is quite a good introduction to Chinese political thought.  Namely it reviews  (and reinforces) the idea that “China feels it’s due superpower status;” it confirms that China is only recently learning to both play by the international rules and that China is consciously trying to change the rules (as do all powers).  In this sense it’s not unlike books that I read 10+ years ago as an undergrad studying Chinese International Relations—which is where I think this book may be of value, in a undergrad class.

While it is a good review, the book also glosses over the problems of China’s international influence and consciously amoral stand on international relations with rogue nations.  Maybe this is because the people Leonard spoke with don’t think that China has a problem; but surely all the intellectuals he spoke with don’t think the recent changes in policy toward Dufar, Burma and North Korea are all based on (miraculously) coincidental changes in China’s immediate economic advantages.  Yet, Leonard presents the shift in position on sticky issues as a rather conscious recognition of the need to compromise rather than an acceptance of pressure from the international PR disasters that these events indeed have been.

The best part of the book, I thought, was the contrast between different schools of thought and the description of how that debate ultimately results in a relatively unified national direction.  Recently a lot of attention has been give to the idea that China is not monolithic in its power apparatus.  I couldn’t disagree more.  While there are most definitely cliques and ideologies within the Party that differ and a wide distribution of power at local and provincial levels that quite actively revolt against policies made from above there is no international face for China other than CCP and the national level leaders.

I also found it difficult to separate Mr. Leonard’s own analysis from his presentation of “what China itself thinks” in his conclusions.  Some of the analysis is certainly not Chinese in origin and so I’m left wondering, again, whose thoughts are these, really?

At 140+ pages it’s a nice primer for Chinese IR.  A nice road-trip book.  But it certainly needs to be read in context—and in my opinion that context needs to be both the thoughts of the other 1.3 billion people within China (whom are mentioned only in passing) and what the rest of the world will be saying and doing about China’s ideas.

Beijing “Wecomes” The World to its “Coming Out Party! Oh, The Irony!

As if visa restrictions and embassy staff weren’t discouraging enough, from the NYT today:

“…when an American called the China Travel Guide Tourist Agency last week, a sales clerk even discouraged the person from visiting Beijing during the Olympics.

“You really don’t want to go there,” said Lorna Liu, the sales representative at China Travel Guide. “Why don’t you try Xi’an or Shanghai and visit Beijing a little later?”

If you can get in, there will be no party; they’ve all be canceled due to security concerns.  Since I’m already “in” and the hotels are empty…hmmm…maybe this is not such bad thing after all.

It’s also not just Olympic travelers that are having issues.  Entire tradeshows in Guangzhou have been canceled and the part of the Chinese economy that is bassed on exports is taking a hit too.  Doing things legally, I was able to get the necessary visas for myself and family with no problems in the US in March.  But others are not so lucky. If you go to Hong Kong, the usually just so-so busy consulate in Wanchai is PACKED to the gills (with new security and new crowd controls).  And the official China Travel Agencies have lines stretching out the doors and around the blocks. Tons of “businessmen” from all over the world are hanging out in Hong Kong waiting for visas.

The only hassles I’ve ever had was getting stoped at the HK boarder for an hour or so with other noticalbly foreign foreigners (yea, I have a beef with the fact that “Asian” foreigners are not stopped too).  We were stopped, asked to provide documentation and then questioned about the number of visits in our passports.  Nothing sinister but tourists without confirmed hotel reservations were turned back.  The biggest annoyance was the at the top of the hour, when the boarder guard shift changed, we were all just let through.  The new shift just didn’t want to deal with us.

The Joys of Living in China, Part II

More events today and some more on yesterday’s hullabaloo.

The landlords were all agitated about the upcoming destruction of the fishpond scheduled for today. We planned to stand arm in arm, old people in front, women second and men in the back (seriously). They called as many papers as they had numbers for. We waited, some police showed up and then left for lunch. It rained and everyone went home. A few hours later, totally unnoticed, the fishpond was torn out. Not a policeman or complaining landlord in sight. Yea, pretty anticlimactic to be sure.

Now more from yesterday (the action!).

Before the police showed up at the front gate they showed up at the complex’s security office. They turned off all the cameras, all the external power and removed all the (privately employed) security guards from the offices. According to the guards they pushed, dragged and otherwise bullied the guards out of the offices by force. The previously not-so-helpful security guards have been great for the last 24 hours–even giving us video of the police that they took from security stations on the roofs and gardens of the complex.

After the police left about 12 noon all was quite. But the landlords here had a series of meetings to determine what to do next. They came up with a couple of options. One, flood the media with the news–problem is, no reporters in SZ really wants to touch it and foreign papers aren’t interested until there is blood in the water. So…I’ll keep posting here. Option two is to petition the government each and every day with the maximum allowed “group” of 5 people. (That’s right. Groups of more than 5 people are illegal–so watch out next time you have a NBA Finals/World Cup/Super Bowl party in your living room.) Since these two strategies have help us so much so far, I’m not holding my breath.

I have to admit that the government knows how to kow people into submission–this is has been practiced into a fine art. Incremental encroachment and unpublicized events are a great way to keep most people out of the loop. Having major events in the middle of the work week and surrounded by (massive) police presence insures that the fewest possible people will be around and those that are will not dare to do much if anything.

They were very systematic in advancing (edited verb here) on the complex too. They blocked roads that were only internal to external access, they dug up roads in specific locations to make sure that no one from the outside could get in, they fenced off more area then they previously said they needed and made sure to pad-lock gates, they parked all the trucks in the only remaining access road, and posted scores of police at each of the four gates.

The show of force yesterday did exactly what it was supposed to do–get people out of the way for the real dirty work today (and in the days to come). But seeing it logically doesn’t make it any easier to deal with. I’m still a bit tee’d off that they would send that many police and surround the complex–apparently they had dogs too. There is a nursery school and hundreds of families (with kids and grandparents) living here. Did they really need to be that intimidating to people who have very few if any options for retaliation?

The good news is that the guys who where arrested yesterday AM were released with out a charge against them yesterday afternoon. No surprise and it confirms what I thought about yesterday–arresting a foreigner (for nothing) would probably do more (PR) harm then good.

Calls to two well-known and experienced law firms again proved fruitless as each of them basically said: if the local lawyers and reporters won’t touch this, you’re probably SOL. One went so far as to say that SZ is not nearly as, um, law-abiding as Shanghai or Beijing and we should probably be careful about making too much noise.

Now some joe-on-the-street analysis.

1. The police that showed up today were much less interested in arresting people and even offered to help make a small gate in the wall. Not compensation by any means but clearly new directions from above. For the demolition of the fishpond (scheduled for today) they only sent 5-10 policemen too. They even brought an engineer who coordinated the (cosmetic) adjustment of some fences to make it easier for people to walk to the market. The benevolent dictator–once the peons are in their place gifts from above excuse the prior cruelty.

2. Chinese know the rules for group engagement with the police. It’s a coordinated dance, much like negotiations between countries and even companies, with give and take and specific lines and roles that are to be respected and followed. For example, yelling at police is fine, as long as you also do what they ask. The police pushing people out of the way is what happens, but abusing people is going too far. Taking photos of groups is one thing, but singling out individuals is specifically forbidden (anonymity in China comes in being part of a group).

The more I think about this the more I realize that this is learned group behavior that you don’t get in reading books about China. In the few confrontations that I’ve been in in China I’ve realized after each one that there were rules and that I usually had crossed the (invisible) line at some point without noticing it. Some times people have pointed it out to me later. Other times, like yesterday, I realize that I’m the only one standing in the middle of the street.

3. Chinese groups still respect seniority over good ideas.

4. It was very interesting to hear people talk about the distinction between the government and the ‘bad’ individuals that were causing the problems. The group singled out most often was the police–but it was as if the Chinese were more disappointed than angry that they, as protectors of the people, would condescend to being used as thugs for ‘corrupt officials.’ I was more than a little surprised by this selective attitude–and it certainly was not held by all in the meetings. Indeed more than a few of the people in attendance were not nearly so willing to give the “government” a free ride.

5. As a foreigner, I was given an inordinate amount of respect. This is something that was unexpected. Sure Chinese are usually very polite, but in a situation like this would a “foreigner” in the EU or US be treated “special?” No way. Mostly because you can’t tell who’s foreign like you can here–I was the ONLY non-Chinese in a group of 4-500 people. I stood out a bit.

6. I don’t know how to protest in China and really don’t want to lose my ability to do business here. I hope that there isn’t an update on this topic sometime later this year.

7. Police coming and going all day–more than a bit unnerving. Have you ever been surrounded by hundreds of police? Have you ever walked back to your house and seen, around the corner another 50-100 policemen hiding in the bushes? The fact that people are more powerful that laws here makes the presence of police even more scary. The power play worked, it rattled a lot of people.

8. People are angry about two things. First that what was done was not “fair” or legal. This is in my mind the legitimate reason for complaining-illegal, that is. Not unfair. There is a legal clause in the Chinese constitution that gives private people the right to own property. There is also a clause for eminent domain, but there is legal precedent and other laws that give people rights here in China.

The second thing is that there isn’t much that anyone can do. The helplessness is indeed maddening. Getting sucker punched is physically painful, but knowing that it could happen again at any time without warning and without just cause is emotionally disturbing.

Finally, in talking with other Chinese about this I find it odd that they are genuinely embarrassed by it. It’s not “them” or anyone that they elected. But the fact that it’s China and they are Chinese and this is happening to foreigners (or that foreigners are seeing it happen to other Chinese) is taken more personally, I think, than I would take things done by the LA City government/police, for example. The identification as part of China is personal to many–for both good and ill.

The Joys of Living in China

Yup. Woke up this morning to the SZ police force outside the gates of our apartment complex, Zhonghai Huating. They brought 6 riot vans and two busses full of police to make sure that the housewives, maids and others at home wouldn’t disrupt their appropriation of land for the SZ metro company. (I was asked by other landlords to edit this paragraph–this is not the original version).

I’ve talked about the “process” we’ve been involved in with the SZ govt and the Metro before. It’s process in name only–I mean, how much respect can you give a system where, in a meeting in the offices of the local government, the head of the SZ Metro delegation says: “you can die for all I care! And if you protest we’ll arrest you just like we arrested the others.”

Guess he’s made good on his threat.

A couple of landlords were indeed hauled away this AM. I came out later and starting taking photos and was immediately pushed and ask/told to leave. Of course being a bull-headed American, I didn’t. We argued about the fact that I’m not only a landlord but there are no signs prohibiting me from taking photos of my own property (that the police were standing on). After 20 or so minutes, a call came and the police said that I could take photos. So I immediately started snapping pics of the guy who tried to stop me in the first place. Round two of “no pictures” started immediately. “You can take pictures” means, I guess, I can take photos of everything but the guy who told me no–you can see him with his hand up in the photos–more photos went to a couple of newspapers already.

Now, I understand eminent domain. But there are both limits and requirements on what can be taken. First we were not offered any compensation for our land. Second, we were not told of the timing of the construction. And third, we weren’t given any health studies on the construction of the exhaust fans that are going to be put in our fishpond/garden.

Further, 300+ police with water cannons and riot gear (in the trucks) for a construction project in the middle of a Wednesday AM at a private residence? Me thinks they over reacted just a bit.

Some interesting reactions from the mornings events. First, Chinese neighbors cheered when I showed up and started taking pictures. They chanted and told me they supported me. I wasn’t looking for anything but some good shots as I’ve pretty much resigned myself the the fact that the government doesn’t care (the “you can die” comment sealed the deal for me weeks ago). They cheered when I made a smart (ass) comment and screamed in the face of the policemen that were trying to stop me. They knew that being foreign means being different–sometimes thats a good thing.

Second, the police were not as willing to arrest a foreigner as they were the locals earlier. They threatened to arrest me and I put my hands behind my back and offered myself up and they backed off and just told me to leave. Indeed, they wanted me out of the way as quickly as possible. Again being foreign kept me out of jail when others were tied up and hauled off.

Third, the police were very very intimidating to the locals. The local screamed and yelled but except for the couple that got hauled off, they did exactly what they were told to do–stand back, leave the work alone and go home or go to jail. Surprisingly vitriolic but at the same time passive.

Fourth, the words used to talk to me came in two very distinct styles. First, was from an assumed power position. I was told/asked things like: “Do you know who I am?” “Do you want me to arrest you?” “Leave now!” “You can’t take photos here–you have no right!” “I’ll give you some face, you just leave now.” The second position came later as the people were more riled up and after I had offered to be arrested. “Please leave.” “Please support our work here.” And of course “OK, you can take pictures now.”

The problem is, I don’t support the work. I’m very much against the land appropriation by the SZ government for a company (the SZ metro) when we were given nothing but threats as compensation.

If you think that I’m just down on China or that this is really a new, modern China and I just don’t get it, think again. Much in China is recent, clean and different to be sure. But much of the current problems are the same horror stories you read about 10 years ago. There are great opportunities and scary problems here side by side. Illegal land appropriation by local governments is not unique to our housing complex–it’s happening thousands of times a year all over China–famous stories include the old lady in Chongqing, the Beijing Hutongs and the riots/arrests in multiple cities in Guangdong province late last year.

I’m here for the opportunities…but at what price?

“Working Toward a Civil Society”

In the spirit of being fair and balanced, since my public cursing out at the hands of torch watchers, I have to admit that I have really been touched by the generosity of the millions of everyday Chinese people (and foreigners too) who are taking action, spending their own time and money and helping the people in Sichuan.

There is a great article here about the same things. It has been really neat to see Chinese helping people they don’t even know–this is not a knock, but this is type of “renqing” (or charity/human emotion) is very rare in China. Book after book comments on the lack of philanthropy in China and even other Chinese communities outside of China recognize this as a distinct difference between mainland and overseas Chinese. This could prove to be much more of a coming out party for China than the Olympics. Congratulations, China! Welcome to the 21st century; welcome to the world.

On a somewhat related note, I’m not surprised to find that those kids who participate in sports growing up know how to compete and win and then do so later in life. The Article in The American is specifically about America, but how much of it will translate to Chinese kids in the next decade or so?! The competition in China is already fierce and will only get more so. Parents looking to give their little emperors an edge may now want to consider soccer instead of the oboe.

Now having said that, I have to share part two of the continuing saga that is our apartment complex vs. the Shenzhen subway company. Yup, another wonderfully productive meeting today about where the pollution fans are to be built (not in our garden, we hope). Instead of telling us that if we died they wouldn’t care or that if we protested they’d lock us up “like the previous protesters,” today they just told us to be careful of what we say and who we say it to. What’s the context of this warning? We put up large signs on Sunday afternoon on the apartment buildings facing the street that were, hours later that night, taken down by the police because “they detracted from the look of the downtown area.” No shit?! That was pretty much the point. Good thing I took photos before the signs were taken down.

So Kudo’s to the Chinese people–and I hope that the Chinese that do read this realize that I am impressed by their individual efforts but still very wary of any government with absolute power.

PS> The title of this post comes from a political sign that used to be in Shenzhen (Binhai Rd, Louhu Area). It read: “Struggling for a civilized populace, working toward a civil society.”

**yes, I know the pictures are sideways. I’m working on it.**